Molecular and Cellular Biology
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to Physiology and Anatomy
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What is Anatomy?
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What is Physiology?
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Levels of Structural Organization
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Anatomical Terms & Body Planes
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Chapter 2: Homeostasis and Regulation
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Definition and Importance of Homeostasis
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Negative and Positive Feedback Loops
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Real-Life Examples (Body Temp, Blood Sugar)
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How Systems Work Together to Maintain Balance
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Chapter 3: The Circulatory System
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Structure of the Heart
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Blood Vessels: Arteries, Veins, Capillaries
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Blood Composition & Function
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Circulation Pathways (Pulmonary & Systemic)
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Chapter 4: The Respiratory System
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Organs of the Respiratory System
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Mechanism of Breathing
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Gas Exchange in the Alveoli
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Regulation of Breathing
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Chapter 5: The Digestive System
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Major Organs and Their Functions
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Mechanical vs Chemical Digestion
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Enzymes in Digestion
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Absorption in the Small Intestine
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Chapter 6: The Excretory System
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Kidney Function and Structure
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Nephrons and Filtration
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Formation of Urine
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Waste Removal and Water Balance
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Chapter 7: The Nervous System
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Central vs Peripheral Nervous System
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Neuron Structure and Function
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Nerve Impulses and Synapses
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Brain and Spinal Cord Overview
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Chapter 8: The Endocrine System
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Hormones and Glands
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Feedback Mechanisms
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Major Endocrine Organs
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Endocrine vs Nervous System
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Chapter 9: The Muscular and Skeletal Systems
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Types of Muscle Tissue
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How Muscles Contract
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Skeleton Structure (Axial & Appendicular)
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Types of Joints and Movement
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Chapter 10: The Integumentary System
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Layers of the Skin
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Functions of the Skin
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Hair, Nails, and Glands
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Role in Protection and Homeostasis
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